1. Introduction After the institute actively participated in the International Human Genome Project (HGP), the institute also led the Chinese Super-hybrid Rice Genome Project. Approved by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the institute founded the Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information on November 2006 under the background of propulsion stage of CAS Knowledge Innovation Project propulsion and rapid development of genome science and bioinformatics. During the past several years, the laboratory has also made significant breakthroughs in the inheritance and reprogramming of epigenetic information in animals. In 2019, National Genomic Science Data Center of China was established. 2. Research location Based on the frontier fields of genomics and information technology, our library focuses on the national strategic demands of population health and biosecurity. We will develop new theories about genome structure, mutation, function and evolution, and we will also build new methods and technologies about the massive biological data acquisition, integration and mining. We aim to enhance the cross-fertilization of genomics and other disciplines and to promote integration and forward-looking research by data-driven genomic problem. Our major goal is to address key life sciences and technology issues such as public safety, biosecurity and data security. 3. Research direction (1) New mechanisms and theories in function genomics We aim to reveal the evolution of epigenetic information and its role in the evolution of species, to elucidate how epigenetic information including DNA modification, histone modification, RNA modification guide the reproductive development, cell differentiation and organ formation of animals, and to analyze the molecular mechanism of establishment and maintenance epigenetic information map. (2) New technologies and methods for genomics Focusing on the key issues of assembling large-scale complex genomic sequences, we will develop new strategies and methods to address the high heterozygous or polyploidy problem. By developing new experimental and computational techniques, we will analyze the dynamic characteristics of genome three-dimensional high-level structures. From multidimensional omics perspective, we will reveal the genetic and epigenetic polymorphism and complexity and the decision mechanism of environmental factors on phenotypic plasticity. (3) Integration and mining of big data We will develop new interdisciplinary methods which integrate genomics, mathematics, computer science, medicine and other science. We will also build standardized technical methods which analyze the correlation between omics data and clinical phenotype systematically and quickly. By these new methods, we wish to form the industry standard of the analysis and application of precise medical data. To provide the precise technical support for the public safety, biosecurity and data security, we will build the Chinese population biology characteristics knowledge database by analyze the characteristics of genotype polymorphism, age, facial phenotype, body characteristics and population origin. In addition, we also develop the new technology and software to detect the trace nucleic acid quickly and the efficient method to store and process DNA data. 4. Organization Director: LIU Jiang Deputy Director: FANG Xiangdong Academic committee Director：HE Lin, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Deputy Director：HAN Bin, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS Members (Ordered alphabetically): CHI Xuebin, Computer Network Information Center, CAS Consultative committee Director：CHEN Runsheng, Bioinformatics Institute of Biophyscis, CAS Members (Ordered alphabetically): CHEN Shouyi, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS 5. Annual research progress (1) New mechanisms and theories of functional genomics LIU Jiang's group made a breakthrough on the mechanism of three-dimensional structure change of chromosomes during human embryonic development, and found that the process of human chromosomes regulated by CTCF protein is established in early embryonic development (Nature, 2019); and on this basis, DNA Methylation reprogramming has become more intense as species evolve. Hox gene DNA methylation reprogramming plays a potentially important role in the transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. (National Science Review, 2019) FANG Xiangdong's group research on chromatin openness and the regulation mechanism of lncRNA in erythroid differentiation obtained phase results and found that PCED1B-AS1 regulates erythroid differentiation involving changes in GATA1 binding caused by chromatin conformation adjustment. (Blood Science, 2019) CHEN Fei's group investigated the molecular epidemiology and genomes of 357 strains of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China for the first time through an epidemiological approach to a baseline survey of TB resistance in China. It provides solid data and theoretical basis for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China and provides a useful reference for the global prevention and control of drug-resistant tuberculosis. (Clinical Infectious Disease, 2019) (2) New genomic technologies and methods to scientific research. LIU Jiang's group used single-cell DNA methylation patterns to increase the efficiency of IVF. The original method using chromosome screening only achieves a pregnancy rate of 30-40% while the new method can simultaneously screen chromosome and embryo methylation levels, and increase the pregnancy rate to 75% based on two indicators. FANG Xiangdong's group constructs a peripheral blood transcriptome disease diagnosis model, and its data standardization and feature screening provide a good reference for other clinical diseases research (Briefings in Bioinformatics, 2019). YU Jun's group used microfluidic technology to enrich microbiological samples for sequencing, developed a microfluidic chip based on the principles of streamline and ultrafiltration, and an enrichment method—MEEA, which effectively enriched the microbial particles in the sample (mSystem, 2019). Four items of relevant techniques were applied for inventory patents. CHEN Fei's group used exosome miRNA to detect the fluid of latent tuberculosis patients and found that miRNAs can be used as the detection target of latent tuberculosis. (Front Microbiol, 2019). JIANG Lan's group collaborated on the application of single-cell omics to analyze the complex cellular heterogeneity in the bone marrow microenvironment and found new clinical therapeutic targets in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. (J Clin Invest, 2019). ZHANG Zhihua's group has developed a feasible algorithm for analyzing the 3D structure of single-cell chromosomes due to the current problems of the 3D structure at the single-cell level. There is an urgent need to develop new algorithms. (Methods, 2019). (3) Annual highlights of the Key Lab On June 5, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance approved the launch of the National Science and Technology Resource Sharing Service Platform, the National Genomic Science Data Center, and the BIGD Center of Beijing Institute of Genomics was assigned to be responsible for the establishment based on its previous work and personnel. At the same time, the BIGD database system has been further expanded, including GSA, GWH, GVM, GEN, Science Wikis, MethBank, etc, establishing the first Chinese genomic diversity data center. 6. Awards and Honors ZHANG Zhang, the top young talent in the “10 Thousand People Program” of the Central Organization Department, 2019.
GONG Fuzhou, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Sciences, CAS
HANG Haiying, Institute of Biophysics, CAS
HU Songnian, Institute of Microbiology, CAS
HUANG Luqi, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
LI Yixue, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS
QI Yijun, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing
SUN Xiaowen, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
TONG Yigang, Academy of Military Medical Sciences
WANG Guoyin, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
XUE Yongbiao, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS
YU Jun, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS
YE Jian, Institute of Forensic Science Ministry of Public Security
CHENG Linzhao, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
GU Xun, Iowa State University
LI Lingheng, Stowers Institute for Medical Research
MENG Anming, Institute of Zoology, CAS
ZHU Lihuang, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS
ZHANG Zhang, the "Yangtze River Scholar" Young Scholar Project of the Ministry of Education, 2019.
LI Rujiao, the key technical talent of the CAS, 2019.
CHEN Xuepeng, the Special Dean of the CAS, 2019
HAO Lili, the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS, 2019
WANG Meng, LI Zhaohua and LI Mengwei, the National Graduate Scholarship, 2019
